What are the key differences among oral iron supplements for treating iron deficiency anemia?

What are the key differences among oral iron supplements for treating iron deficiency anemia?
Ferrous sulfate remains the reference standard among oral iron supplements, containing 20% elemental iron. It is indicated for iron deficiency anemia from chronic blood loss, malnutrition, pregnancy, and childhood growth periods. Combination tablets with B vitamins offer added value for patients needing both iron and B-complex support. However, gastrointestinal irritation is a known drawback. Alternatives include ferrous lactate (19% iron) with better oral absorption and milder gastric effects, ferrous gluconate (12% iron) favored for children due to its gentle action and rapid onset, and ferrous fumarate with the highest iron content at 32.9%. The choice depends on tolerance, patient age, and required dosing efficiency, with ferrous sulfate offering the best cost-effectiveness for straightforward cases.