What are the key differences between fuming nitric acid and regular concentrated nitric acid for industrial use?

What are the key differences between fuming nitric acid and regular concentrated nitric acid for industrial use?
Regular concentrated nitric acid is typically 60-70% concentration and does not fume. Fuming nitric acid exceeds 90% concentration and contains dissolved nitrogen dioxide, giving it a yellow color and visible fumes. It is produced by distilling sodium nitrate with concentrated sulfuric acid at 70-100°C, reaching 85-95% in labs and over 98% industrially. The low water content makes fuming nitric acid far more reactive for nitration of electron-deficient compounds, where regular acid fails. It is often used with sulfuric acid to further reduce water and boost nitronium ion concentration. However, its instability and decomposition to NO2 require careful handling and storage, and it commands a significant price premium over standard grades.