What are the main application segments and substitution trends for TCCA?

What are the main application segments and substitution trends for TCCA?
TCCA is the largest-volume product in the chlorinated isocyanurate family, which accounts for over 90% of active chlorine biocide consumption. Its high available chlorine content (above 90%), storage stability, and long-lasting release in water make it a superior replacement for traditional agents like liquid chlorine, bleaching powder, and calcium hypochlorite. Key applications include swimming pool disinfection, industrial circulating cooling water treatment, drinking water purification, hospital and tableware sanitation, and bleaching in pulp, fiber, and rubber industries. It also effectively inactivates bacteria, viruses, and spores, including hepatitis A and B. In aquaculture and sericulture, it disinfects water and seeds. As overseas producers face higher costs and regulatory limits on chlorine chemistry, many have exited production, turning to imports from China for compounding into finished goods.