What are the main industrial applications and regulatory concerns for sodium tetraborate pentahydrate?

What are the main industrial applications and regulatory concerns for sodium tetraborate pentahydrate?
Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate serves as a key raw material in glass, enamel, ceramics, and metallurgy, where it lowers melting points and improves product durability. It is also used in detergents, cosmetics, and pesticides. However, its toxicity is a major regulatory concern. Borax is banned as a food additive in most countries due to health risks. Ingesting 1-3 grams can cause poisoning in adults, with 15-20 grams potentially lethal. Children are far more vulnerable. The compound's ability to cross-link starch molecules makes it tempting for food processors to add for texture, but this practice is illegal and dangerous. Industrial users must ensure strict handling protocols and clear labeling to prevent misuse.