What are the main industrial applications of cesium, and how do they influence demand?

What are the main industrial applications of cesium, and how do they influence demand?
Cesium's applications span high-tech and industrial sectors. The most critical is in atomic clocks, where cesium-133's hyperfine transition defines the second, making it indispensable for GPS, telecommunications, and internet synchronization. In oil and gas, cesium formate is used as a heavy drilling fluid for high-pressure, high-temperature wells, lubricating drill bits and preventing blowouts. Cesium bromide is used in infrared detectors, optical devices, and scintillation counters, while the metal itself is used in military-grade night vision goggles. The radioactive isotope cesium-137, while not the metal itself, is used in medical radiotherapy and industrial gauges. Demand is growing in oil and gas, and the strategic nature of cesium for timing infrastructure ensures stable, non-cyclical demand from the tech sector.