What are the key applications and substitution risks for perchlorethylene?

What are the key applications and substitution risks for perchlorethylene?
Perchlorethylene has two main end-uses in China. The dominant one is as a feedstock for producing R125 refrigerant, accounting for roughly 80% of domestic consumption. R125 is used in R410a blends for air conditioning and also exported, though US anti-dumping duties on Chinese R125 have prompted producers to front-load exports before final rulings, boosting perchlorethylene demand. The second application is dry cleaning, where perchlorethylene remains the solvent of choice for about 95% of Chinese dry cleaners due to its excellent grease removal and non-flammability. However, its toxicity and environmental concerns are pushing a gradual shift toward hydrocarbon solvents and closed-loop machines, especially as regulations tighten. This dual demand base means perchlorethylene prices are highly sensitive to refrigerant seasonality and regulatory changes in the cleaning industry.