Why is beta-phenethyl alcohol production shifting from chemical synthesis to biotransformation?

Why is beta-phenethyl alcohol production shifting from chemical synthesis to biotransformation?
Beta-phenethyl alcohol, the second-largest synthetic fragrance after vanillin, has a global output of roughly 10,000 tonnes, with over 80% produced via chemical routes. The dominant processes are Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene with ethylene oxide (about 40% of synthetic output) and hydrogenation of styrene oxide (about 60%). However, both benzene and styrene are carcinogenic, which restricts the use of chemically synthesized product in food flavors. This regulatory pressure is pushing producers toward biotransformation methods, which offer a cleaner profile. Wanhua Chemical has already started a 4,000-tonne-per-year unit using a green oxidant, shortening the process and reducing waste. The shift is not just about compliance; it also aligns with growing demand for natural-compatible ingredients in premium fragrances and food applications.